The update stemmed from a southwest 737 accident in 2005. The average of the runway friction as measured by a mechanical or electronic decelerometer. Crfi canadian runway friction index cvr cockpit voice recorder dec decelerometer doa department of aviation dot department of transportation easa european aviation safety agency. George comfort, group leader, cold regions and materials. But its not just that particular accident that caused the change. The average of the runway friction as measured by a decelerometer on runways with freezing or frozen contaminants is defined as the canadian runway friction index crfi. Pavement texture and friction canadian airfield pavement. Dry snow on pavement can be anywhere from a nil to dry. Freerolling, cornering and braking friction studies. Based on the electronic recording deceleration erd a canadian runway friction index crfi, was established for use by pilots to determine their aircraft stopping distance under compacted snow and ice conditions. Available runway friction has a significant impact on aircraft landing performance. The crfi is graduated from o to 1, where anything above 0. The crfi is also associated with the landing distance tables in the transport canada aeronautical information manual tc aim.
Faa takeoff and landing performance assessment, as well as easas runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking, theyll be looking at harmonizing terms and definitions used to describe runway. On october 1st 2016, the faa updated braking action reports. Student study notes canadian ppl aviation ground school. The canadian runway friction index crfi and the international runway friction index irfi are two major outcomes from these efforts to harmonize ground vehicle friction measurements and to identify the relationship to aircraft stopping performance.
Tradewind scientific has been active in the operations, maintenance and technical support of griptesters and saab surface friction testers since their original introduction to north america. The faas braking action reports have changed, heres what. Movement and surface condition reports, canadian runway friction index reports, incidentaccident, wsib, daily shift reports, etc. Joint winter runway friction program accomplishments. You will also get an indication of canadian runway friction index crfi required for a safe landing. Runway friction characteristics measurement march 2010. This is especially noted when aircraft are landing on wet or otherwise contaminated runways due to the reduced braking action, which has been well documented since the dawn of the jet aircraft age.
Yager senior research engineer nasa langley research center presented at the international forum on aeroelasticity and structural dynamics june 2225, 1999 williamsburg, va abstract some background information is given together with the scope and objectives of a 5year. Safe operating practice canadian runway friction index measuring mhisopairp011 issue date. Icao friction task force itf is working on assessment and reporting of runway surface conditions and it is expected that a global format for reporting runway surface conditions will be. Canadian runway friction index post by dhc5 fri sep 02, 2011 7. In spite of advances in aviation technology, operational procedures and weather forecasting, safe winter runway operations remain a challenge for airport operators, air traffic controllers. Joint winter runway friction program accomplishments thomas j.
One outcome was the update of the canadian runway friction index crfi. This value is equated with good friction characteristics, approximately equivalent to a wet runway covered with 0. International runway friction index irfi versus aircraft. We regularly maintain griptesters used by the canadian and u. Runway 31c had been cleared five times in the five and one half hours prior to the accident, the most recent clearing having occurred. The rsc runway surface condition section of the report provides information about runway condition in plain language, while the cfri canadian runway friction index section describes braking action quantitatively using the numerical format described in air 1. The rsc report was passed to the fss specialist who, in turn, attempted to relay it to.
Canadian national research com3cil, ottawa, ontario the. Winter operations, friction measurements and conditions for friction predictions. Research aims to prevent accidents on hazardous runways. While having a concrete number such as the mu can be psychologically reas. On the day of the accident, snow removal operations had been ongoing. Runway surface condition assessment, measurement and. Optimizing airport runway performance by managing pavement. It is intended to help students prepare for the instrument rating inrat exam and show pilots the practical world of instrument flying. Ill update this document any time i find the need to make any changes, and as i continue to progress through additional training. Finnair has also made use of results from jwrfmp for their operations.
Runway friction measurement status international airport. The average decelerometer reading of each runway is reported as the canadian runway. Mhisopairp011canadian runway friction index measuring page 1 of 2. The canadian runway friction index crfi and the international runway friction index irfi are the major outcomes from these efforts to harmonize ground vehicle friction measurements to aircraft stopping performance.
Canadian runway friction index crfi values are the. Transport canada aeronautical information manual, 1. Werner kleinebeek research project manager safety analysis and research department. Research aims to prevent accidents on hazardous runways runway water, ice, or snow was a factor in more than 50 airplane accidents between 1998 and 2004. Mhisopairp011 canadian runway friction index measuring page 1 of 2. Canadian runway friction index archive pprune forums. Optimizing airport runway performance by managing pavement infrastructure. The aibn has found that sanding, which has been used for many years to treat contaminated runways, is most effective in low temperatures and dry weather conditions, while on wet ice or loose contamination that is, wet or dry. How best to determine runwayhighway pavement surface friction. Snow removal involves the use of runway brooms, snow plows, a snow blower, deice machines, and runway friction testing equipment. Since the beginn ram in january fi ing of the joint winter runway friction measurement prog 1996, ten 10 aircraft and fortyseven 47 different ground devices collected friction data at. Nasafltransport canada tcfederal aviation administration.
Questions canadian runway friction index my company has the following table code \ braking action \ crfi 5 good. Amscrs and canadian runway friction index crfi reports are available at all times during hours of operation, and on demand with 1 hour notice outside hours of operation. This crfi value forms part of the surface condition report and is included with the notam information. Runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking rufab i bmt document quality control data sheet report. Means the average of friction measurements taken on runway surfaces with freezing or frozen contaminants present, using a mechanical or electronic decelerometer. Revised methodology for computing international friction index. Correlation of ground friction measurements to aircraft braking friction calculated from flight data recorders by rado, z. Improving airport runway braking analysis through innovative. Runway friction characteristics me asurement and aircraft braking rufab. Runway overrun and collision southwest airlines flight.
You can also set the wind using the interactive virtual windsock. International runway friction index irfi, will be keyed to all types of aircraft stopping. Transport canada has their own runway condition reporting programme and during winter conditions, friction values obtained with an electronic recording decelerometer erd are reported as the canadian runway friction index crfi. There were an icao harmonisation project in the 70s with several instruments. International runway friction index, the canadian runway friction index, the u. Canadian runway friction index crfi decelerometers. Three international aviation conferences have been held in montreal oct. Flight operations, flight information services in canada. Aircraft and ground vehicle winter runway friction assessment by thomas j.
The paper will also summarize the lessons learned between 1994 and 2004. Nasa supports a national safety goal to substantially reduce the fatal aircraft accident rate during ground operations under other than clean and. Dec 18, 2015 canadian runway friction index post by joshc1988 fri dec 18, 2015 1. Simply select your runway and set the wind in the selector dial. An overview of the annual nasa tirerunway friction workshop and lessons learned by yager, t. Crfi or canadian runway friction index means the average of the friction measurements taken on runway surfaces on which freezing or frozen contaminants are present. Canadian national research com3cil, ottawa, ontario the abstract. The canadian runway friction index crfi2 was measured and the average reading obtained for the runway was 0. You will instantly get an indication of crosswind headwindtailwind.
Differences between canadian regulations and practices and icao standards, recommended practices and procedures will be published at a future date. Canadian runway friction index crfi the crfi index is a measure of predicted braking action and control during landings, based on the presence of natural forms of runway contaminants, such as snow, water, ice, etc. The canadian runway friction index crfi is used in canada. At that point, the aircraft speed was 55 knots, with 550 feet of runway remaining. Werner kleinebeek research project manager safety analysis and research. These values are referred to as the canadian runway friction index crfi. In the januaryfebruary 1998 winter season, additional data were collected at north bay, on with the falcon20 and dash8. The airports are listed by icao code and include cyyz, cyvr, cyyc, cyul, cyeg, katl, klax, kdfw, kord and. Yager nasa langley research center, hampton, virginia. Waterloo, ontario, canada, 2012 samantha theresa pinto 2012.
This document is an unedited advance versioof an icao publication as approved, in n principle, by the secretary general, which is made available for convenience. In march 1998, several different ground friction measuring. Canadian runway friction index crfi transport canada aeronautical information manual, 1. Aircraft and ground vehicle winter runway friction assessment. Runway water, ice, or snow was a factor in more than 50 airplane accidents between 1998 and 2006. The final edited version may still undergo alterations in the process of editing. Runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking rufab draft final report volume 4 operational friction measurements and runway condition reporting submitted in response to contract. This seminar is designed to lead students in a logical progression through the steps and knowledge necessary to carry out an ifr flight. The canadian and the international runway friction. Abbreviations and acronyms national transportation safety board aircraft accident report vii efb electronic flight bag. This provision has been proposed for inclusion in the new european union aircraft operations regulations. You would think that if anyone had a firm grasp on how to measure braking action on a contaminated runway, it would be the canadians.
The last major project was the jwrfmp administrated by transport canada. It provides a solid foundation in all the practical and theoretical aspects of ifr flight. Mu numbers friction values measured by cfme can be used as guidelines for evaluating the surface friction deterioration of runway pavements and for identifying appropriate corrective actions required for safe aircraft operations. Other factual information saint john airport is a certified, uncontrolled airport. Flight service station fss a navcanada operated facility from which aeronautical information and related aviation support services are provided to aircraft including airport and. Manage emergency situations and irregular operations, activate and supervise the emergency coordination centre as required and adhere to proper emergency callout procedures.
The crfi is a pretty good measure, the only real problem is some of the numbers are quite subjective. Nasa langley research center has partnered with the federal aviation administration faa, transport canada tc, and several european and asian aviation authorities and organisations in the joint winter runway friction measurement program jwrfmp. The option exists to select either the runway surface condition or directly input the reported canadian runway friction index crfi. Determination of the international friction index ifi using the circular texture meter ctm and the dynamic friction tester dft john jewett henry1 hironari abe2 shuichi kameyama3 akinori tamai 4 atsushi kasahara 5 kazuo saito6 1 professor emeritus, pennsylvania state univ ersity, huntingdon, pennsylvania, u. Runway 0523, which is 7000 feet long, and runway 432, which is 5100 feet long. Correlation of ground friction measurements to aircraft.